Literature Review

Week no: week 6 (23/2/2012)

Objective: 

• Research from the theory
• Advantages Solar photovoltaic

Content:

A photovoltaic system is a system which uses solar cells to convert light into electricity. A photovoltaic system consists of multiple components, including cells, mechanical and electrical connection and mountings and means of regulating and modifying the electrical output. Due to the low voltage of an individual solar cell typically 0.5V, several cell are combined into photovoltaic modules, which are in turn connected together into an array.

Photovoltaic power systems are generally classified according to their functional and operational requirements, their components configurations and how the equipment is connected to other power sources and electrical loads. The three principal classifications are grid connected or utility interactive systems, photovoltaic hybrid system and PV stand alone systems. Photovoltaic system can be design to provide DC and AC power service, can operate interconnected with or independent of the utility grid and can be connected with other energy source and energy storage system.

Advantages Photovoltaic 

• No pollution and totally silent in process energy compare wind and water based from turbine and very noisy 
• Low cost maintenance and have a long lifetime
• Not required large space to build. The solar panel can put on the roof top
• Appropriate to use in Malaysia

GSM technology stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. It is huge, rapidly expanding and successful technology. During the period of evolution of mobile communication technologies various systems were introduced and deployed to achieve standardization in mobile industry but all the efforts were failed. Multiple issues were sustained like incompatibility of systems, development of digital radio frequency. That is when GSM Technology was introduced and problems like standardization incompatibility were overcome.

Advantages GSM

•                    Uses radio frequencies efficiently and due to the digital radio path, the system tolerates more intercell disturbances.
•                    The average speech quality is better than analogue system
•                    Data transmitted throughout the GSM system
•                     Speech is encrypted and subscriber information security is guaranteed
•                    International roaming is technically possible within all country using GSM system
•                   The large market increases competition and lowers prices both for investment and usage

Proposal

week no: week 5 (17/2/2012)

Objective:

• drafting proposal
• Research CICB

Content:

• Abstract & introduction
• Block diagram of CICB

Result & analysis:

• The solar energy is an energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electricity energy.  The amount of energy falling on the earth is given by the solar constant, but very little use has been made of solar energy. The main purpose of the solar energy system as known as renewable energy is to prepare or replace for the depletion of the present source of electricity energy especially coal, oil and gas. It is possible that the world now lacks the source of energy and the world will face a global crisis of cheap oil and recommendations to a decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to increasing interest in alternate power or fuel research such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, solar energy, geothermal and wind energy. So the government encouraged to uses the solar energy system in our country in order to overcome the energy crisis in the future. This research knowledge (Development of Solar Photovoltaic Remote Monitoring System) will be hoped to help implementation of the solar technology. Furthermore each renewable energy plant or system plants needs the monitoring control systems. Same as solar photovoltaic system, where the performances and parameters must be closely monitored and controlled, thus allow adequate data acquisition system.  The data acquisition system requires large number of measured data where very frequent recording necessary needs to be automated to eliminate the probability of human error as well as to save time. This project is mainly about computer based real time monitoring system center which use Visual Basic as Graphic User Interface (GUI) to provide graphical display output chart, graph or pie chart. With VB software the solar researcher can be display the measured value from Photovoltaic house. To collect the data from Photovoltaic house to the main computer, the system require interfacing board which consist of microcontroller serial port board. reading measured data, storage data, control the system derive by microcontroller board and to interfacing the microcontroller board through main computer the project use serial port. For the convenience of researcher, the Global System for mobile communication (GSM) technology was attaching in the monitoring system to overcome data transfer. Usually the location of solar photovoltaic is different with the places where we work. So, a remote monitoring system using GSM technology has been used in this research. Beside that, the solar power system can be monitored everywhere.

• CICB block diagram

Conclusion

• The diagram show the CICB Block diagram divided to four parts, which is power supply, input, microcontroller and output.
  
  
  Power supply:
   Provide +12v +5v -12v -5v and ground power supply to CICB board
  Current transducer:
  to measure current from PV array.
  Op amp circuit:
  The operation amplifier circuit act as amplify the signal voltage from current transducer                       to ADC port PIC 16F877A microcontroller.
  PIC 16F877A:
  Microcontroller will process analog voltage signal from op amp circuit transmit the data to laptop through RS232 circuit and display current and voltage value.
  
  
  RS232
  Interface circuit from microcontroller to laptop
  Relay/LED
  Relay is use to control the high voltage 240V by microcontroller and the LED as a indicator for the relay on/off
  LCD
  Display data current and voltage
  Buzzer
  Alarm warning
  
  

Research the function and suitable method

week no: week 3 (3/2/2012)

Objective:

• research about the block diagram

Content:

• discuss with friends and search from internet
• draw the main diagram
•  find component that use

Result & analysis:

Conclusion:

The solar panel as the input to current interfacing card board (CICB) as interfacing medium to output which is main computer to display and monitoring the current and voltage  of solar panel performance by using visual basic software. After that the data will be uploading to the GSM as a input and GSM modem will be transfer the data to the mobile when the signal form mobile is trigger. 

Research about GSM

week no: week 4 (10/2/2012)

Objectives:

• defination
• function 
• Application 

Result & analysis:

• GSM stand for global system for mobile communication
• can communicate with mobile phone number
• Uses radio frequencies efficiently and due to the digital radio path, the system tolerates more intercell disturbances

Conclusion:

GSM technology stand for Global System for Mobile Communication. It huge, rapidly expanding and successful technology. During the period of evolution of mobile communication technologies various systems were introduced and deployed to achieve standardization in mobile industry but all the efforts were failed. Multiple issues were sustained like incompatibility of systems, development of digital radio frequency. That is when GSM Technology was introduced and problems like standardization incompatibility were overcome